Article Type: Review This review highlights climate change and its drivers, impacts, and mitigation and adaptation options in Ethiopia. ELEMENTS AND CONTROLS OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE When studying weather or climate, the elements and controls of each are interchangeable. Coffee lovers now consume more than 2.25 billion cups a day, but climate change may increase the cost and harm the taste of this popular beverage--not to mention threaten the livelihoods of … Weather changes daily or hourly in some locations. While climate change may disproportionately affect women, it has also led them to seize the levers of power in a moment of profound precarity, to rewrite the rules of society when the current systems of power and economy no longer seem feasible. Air pressure 4. Weather and Climate The Structure of the Atmosphere Surrounding the Earth is a gaseous envelope or atmosphere, held in place by the planet’s gravitational attraction. Ethiopia Weather & Climate Zones of . Of those that do exist, we bought all available data from the Ethiopian Climate Institute, which your find summarized below. 7. The projected impacts of climate change may affect the consequences of these events, and could potentially hinder advancements in key development areas such as food security, water Table 1: Details of the FFP areas. The three main categories of health risks include: (i) direct-acting effects (e.g. 1.1 Introduction . The influence of weather and climate on the different components of crop production can vary, and often happen at the same time. Climate change, Ethiopia, Mitigation, Vulnerability. The emerging science of Probabilistic Event Attribution (PEA) [7], however, increasingly allows a quantitative assessment of the extent to which human-induced climate change is affecting local weather events [8-11]. Winds 7. They are subject to many influences, including those of the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and are modified by them. 6. Climate is traditionally defined as the description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant atmospheric variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind. However, heat waves can affect the Red Sea and the surrounding area to the east and also in the west in the area bordering Sudan. There is some common pattern over a few weeks or months. ii. CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE IN ETHIOPIA: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS | 5 Figure 1: Map showing management districts in Ethiopia with the FFP areas highlighted. It has three different climate zones according to elevation. Climate change poses a wide range of risks to population health. They are: Days are cool or hot; Windy or calm; Cloudy or bright and; Wet or dry. ELEMENTS 1. Land and water 4. Climate change is a major threat to agriculture. Latitudes 2. With an average of 300 days of sunshine annually Namibia is one of the sunniest countries in worldwide. Climate Change Adaptation in ETHIOPIA October 2011 Severe weather events such as droughts and floods have historically imposed heavy costs in Ethiopia. (a) Latitude (b) Altitude (c) Pressure and wind system (d) Continentality. Cloudiness 8. Where, how and when we grow food is vitally connected to our climate's normal patterns. 9 Overall, climatologists tend to agree that the Sahel’s climate is one of extremes: this implies that exceptional weather and climatic events are paradoxically the norm, especially if longer time-spans are examined. 300 days of sunshine, blue sky and warm weather makes Namibia a unique travel destination. Climate - Climate - Solar radiation and temperature: Air temperatures have their origin in the absorption of radiant energy from the Sun. Examples of countries that have this climate are Kenya, Colombia, and Ethiopia (Illy, 21). Discussion Paper: Climate, Sanitation and Health - DRAFT 5 Health: A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. An apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation is called (a) coriolis force Robusta coffee is grown at much lower altitudes (sea level-3000 feet) in an area 10° North and South of the equator (Illy, 22). extreme weather events to past GHG emissions, even in principle. Dyna-mic processes cover a large range of scales from the microscopic-scale As variation of solar radiation is the single most important factor affecting climate, it is considered here first. Alongside UNDP’s extensive country coverage and programming on poverty reduction and climate change, UN Environment brings its strong global network of insurance companies and other private partners, UNISDR brings its expertise analyzing loss and damage from climate impacts, and WFP leverages its capacity as the world’s largest humanitarian agency with a key focus on social protection … Crop production is highly sensitive to climate. Temperature 2. Subpopulations at the warmer edges of species ranges are being extirpated, causing a loss in genetic diversity (Thomas, 2005). The overall climate of the province is marked by considerable seasonality and volatility, often with short-term changes to the weather patterns that can be difficult to predict. Ethiopia: Climate & Weather. They're totaled and averaged to give an idea of the climate you can expect in a specific area. Introduction. iii. It is much more tolerant to warm conditions than Arabica coffee. While greenhouse gases are a natural part of the atmosphere, the amount has increased over the past 150 years as fossil fuels have been burned and the amount of forests, which naturally take up the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide during photosynthesis , has shrunk. Greenhouse gases have a strong affect on climate. (a) Due to moderating effect of the seas (b) Due to land mass (c) Due to heat conditions (d) Due to none of the above three. Evidences show that … Brightness of the Sun 9. See Table 1 for details of each area. Climate data records provide evidence of climate change key indicators, such as global land and ocean temperature increases; rising sea levels; ice loss at Earth’s poles and in mountain glaciers; frequency and severity changes in extreme weather such as hurricanes, heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, floods and precipitation; and cloud and vegetation cover changes, to name but a few. Ethiopia faces numerous development challenges that exacerbate its vulnerability to climate change, including high levels of food insecurity and ongoing conflicts over natural resources. Worldwide, farmers are struggling to keep up with shifting weather patterns and increasingly unpredictable water supplies. Like location, climate has been a decisive factor in shaping the Newfoundland and Labrador experience. Further, different types of climatic extremes can affect crop production differently. The Ethiopian Government has already put in place a number of policies, strategies and programs aimed at enhancing the adaptive capacity and reducing climate variability and change. Ethiopia is in the tropical zone laying between the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer. Economic sectors that largely depend on Climate doesn’t change as rapidly as weather does because it’s a compilation of several years of recorded weather conditions like rain, air pressure, humidity, wind, snow, sun and temperatures. Chapter III covers how assessments on climate climate change will also exert evolutionary pressure on species. (IPCC, 2014b) Resilience: The capacity of social, economic and environmental … larger effect on the economy as compared to a corresponding increase in temperature. Climate can thus be viewed as a synthesis or aggregate of weather. The Earth’s atmosphere is a complex dynamical, physical, and chemical system. These gases trap heat through a process called the greenhouse effect . Both climate variability and change have been occurring in Ethiopia. A large amount of work has already been carried out by many countries on assessing impacts and vulnerabilities to climate change, as well as considering possible adaptation options. Visibility CONTROLS 1. (WHO, 1948) Mitigation of climate change: A human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. The scientists from the World Weather Attribution group have agreed to conduct the detailed study, which would involve the precise setting of the parameters in space and time of the rainfall episode being studied, along with the data associated with it, the Climate Center, a specialist center of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), said on Monday. This makes it difficult to understand the climatic impacts on respective components of crop production. This implies that the Kolla (Tropical zone) - is below 1830 metres in elevation and has an average annual temperature of about 27 … Which of the following climatic controls is the most important? Farms are more likely to face attacks from weeds, diseases and pests, which affect yield. Humidity 5. Changes in ocean circulation may affect the climate through the movement of CO2 into or out of the atmosphere. Storms 10. action on climate change, is helping adaptation efforts in developing countries. The effects of gradual climate changes and extreme weather events in the recent past have undermined progress in the alleviation of poverty and food insecurity, while also having a negative effect on overall development efforts. Measured data on climate and weather in Ethiopia are scarce, as there are very few weather stations. Altitude 3. Solar radiation 3. Climate and Weather of Namibia Namibia – one of the sunniest countries in the world. Some of the attempts, such as by You and Ringler (2010), to quantify the effect of climate change in Ethiopia used global models which may misrepresent various dimensions of the Ethiopian economy. Drought is the single most destructive climate-related natural hazard in Black dots indicate locations of available weather stations relevant to the FFP areas. Precipitation 6. Disturbance Regimes and Ecosystem-Level Change Climate change has the potential to have a profound effect … Rural livelihood systems – crop cultivation, pastoralism, and agro-pastoralism – are highly sensitive to climate. 1. Climate. It is affected by long-term trends in average rainfall and temperature, interannual climate variability, shocks during specific phenological ii stages, and extreme weather events (IPCC, 2012). Chapter 2. Marked temperature increases in Mali, 8 for instance, contrast with Niger’s temperatures, which are also rising, but below the mean global warming level. Chapter 1. Climate information for Ethiopia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals Earth orbital changes - The earth makes one full orbit around the sun each year. This assessment focuses on “attributable risk”: Climate change and variability in the Sub-Saharan Africa has considerable impact on agriculture, human health, livestock and the economy (Lipp et al., 2002, Haines and Patz, 2004, Confalonieri et al., 2007, Oscar et al., 2015).According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (), there is significant warming occurring in the Sub-Saharan African countries. It is tilted at an angle of 23.5° to the perpendicular plane of its orbital path. If global climate change continues on its current trajectory, these risks will increase in future decades to potentially critical levels. DEFINITION- NASA defines climate change as: “a broad range of global phenomena created predominantly by burning fossil fuels, which add heat-trapping gases to earth’s atmosphere”. Description of the climate system and its components . The climate can generally be described as temperate, especially in the large central plateau region. 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