In this fashion industry, to set up a unique fashion business is not so easy. Have you ever met someone who said he is self-employed? NBC Nightly News 1,764 views. Sources"27-1022 Fashion Designers." Web. If you are your own store manager, this is the likely salary you can pay yourself. Of those who were laid off this year, 64% said they're still unemployed; only 21% reported finding new full-time jobs. In order to make our selection of 30 of the most influential fashion designers of all time, 24/7 Wall St. compiled a list of individuals who have made a significant impact on the fashion world. Fashion entrepreneurs push the global fashion industry forward, through design innovation and new business models. These types of businesses tend to be service-oriented such as a retail or franchise store. Web. According to these sites, the average salary for a clothing line owner is $66,000 to $68,000 per year. These are entrepreneurs who would balk at the idea of an “entrepreneur salary” – the money they make is hardly a salary as they have to scrap for every penny of it. From PR to editorial to influencing, 2,000 industry professionals told us their salaries. Career portal Glassdoor quotes $39,140 as the national average annual salary for a boutique manager in 2018, with PayScale noting the range is $26,058 to $69,201 a year for 2018. There is nothing wrong with aspiring to become the wealthiest fashion designer in the world, but while you are working on it, you have to earn a living, right? Retail/buying had the lowest mean salary of $61,300, followed by Supply Chain, Design and Editorial, where mean salaries were all around $72,000 to $73,000. Left: Total respondents; Right: Those who were laid off, BIPOC were disproportionately more likely to have been laid off, according to our survey. Looking at the three biggest racial cohorts we had, Black respondents had the lowest mean salary ($67,680); white respondents came in second ($74,950) and Asian respondents came out on top ($94,930). 27 Sept. Responses to: How was your salary impacted by the pandemic? The pandemic has had a devastating impact on jobs, especially in the U.S. A total of 22.7 million Americans (roughly one-seventh of the U.S. workforce) claiming unemployment benefits as of Oct. 10, according to CNN. As a small business owner, you sell products or services to the public. Natalie Massenet is a entrepreneur from California, United States. See all Entrepreneur salaries to learn how this stacks up in the market. Sign up for the Fashionista daily newsletter. With 30 distinct areas of study to choose from both online & on campus in the heart of San Francisco. However, their main aim is the same: to help their client find a well-fitting and attractive outfit. For those who identify as non-binary (a very small portion of respondents), the average mean salary was $40,670. An entry-level Fashion Designer with less than 1 year experience can expect to earn an average total compensation (includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay) of $45,677 … According to \"U.S. News & World Report,\" there are different types of entrepreneurial paths. 27 Sept. "PayScale - Salary Comparison, Salary Survey, Search Wages." The Bureau does not report salaries for designers that have their own clothing line or business. Median Annual Salary: $67,420 ($32.41/hour) Top 10% Annual Salary: More than $135,490 ($65.14/hour) Entrepreneur salaries at Thrive15 can range from $161,363-$175,940. Meanwhile, while some people (22%) said they had their work hours reduced commensurate with their salary reductions, many (50%) reported not having their hours reduced at all. 2015. Still, other sites and sources list salaries up to $100,000 or more per year for most types of fashion entrepreneurs. Fashion entrepreneur Amy Smilovic knows the value of "faking it until you make it" - Duration: 14:00. Women are killing it in the world of fashion. N.p., 2015. They are the business owners of America who build their dreams from the ground up. A fashion designer's salary varies based on the area of expertise, level of experience, education, certifications, and other factors. An entrepreneur is an individual who starts and runs a business with limited resources and planning and is responsible for all the risks and rewards of his or her business venture. Job Search Engine. Students in these programs can expect to take courses such as Entrepreneurship in Fashion, Launching New Ventures, Competition and Strategy in Fashion, Fashion Branding, Entrepreneurial Finance, Global Management Strategies, Creativity in Business, Managing Creative Enterprise, and Business Development and Planning. From clothes to jewelry and staple pieces, female entrepreneurs have given … The world’s most famous fashion designers are worth hundreds of millions of dollars. After reading ‘8 Characteristics of a Successful Fashion Entrepreneur’ it helps me a lot. For example, of all the female respondents, 13.64% said they were laid off, while of all the male respondents, 14.74% said they were laid off. Average salary: $31,000 (£24,400) Stylists can be found in different settings, from retail stores to fashion shoots or even working with celebrities on a one-to-one basis. As a self-employed entrepreneur, you start a business based on your skills and passion. Commit to a Retirement Savings Plan Now Employees may contribute up to $18,000 annually into a 401K plan through their work. Fashion Blogger – The average monthly salary for online fashion bloggers is $1,000 with a few earning millions! Fashion entrepreneur who is best recognized for having founded the Macbeth Collection lifestyle brand. As we mentioned above, the vast majority of our respondents were female, which is likely reflective of the fashion industry as a whole — as such, most of the people who said they were laid off or took salary reductions were women, as you can see in the above table. Before the pandemic hit, the vast majority— about 76% — said they were in full-time salaried positions; most of the rest were either freelance, part-time or unemployed. What is the salary of an entrepreneur? The average Fashion Designer salary in the United States is $97,195 as of October 28, 2020. Now, onto more general salary data: We found that, unsurprisingly the average mean salary for men was a bit higher than that of women — $79,390 vs. $74,180. Merchant Acquisition Manager With a focus on production and sourcing of quality sellers, this career is perfect for those who are skilled at building strong relationships. Our annual salary survey results are in, and we made a fancy PDF. (One person had a 50% reduction that later turned into a 80% reduction.) © 2020 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The range for our most popular Fashion Designer positions (listed below) typically falls between $51,176 and $143,213. You are also responsible for managing your business. Fashion Designer salaries, benefits packages, yearly bonuses, job descriptions, statistics and available positions. ... She is a serial entrepreneur and consultant for small business owners. 2015. All programs feature internship opportunities with major companies, and most offer study abroad opportunities in fashion capitals such as Paris, London, Milan, and more. In this course, the stories of the industry’s most dynamic entrepreneurs are divided into distinct stages of a business’ evolution, from launch and early traction, to business pivots and the challenge of scaling a global business. We heard from about 800 people spanning all company sizes and segments of the industry, from companies including Gap Inc., Stitch Fix, Nordstrom, Vox Media, Saint Laurent, Shopbop, Condé Nast, Michael Kors, Tanya Taylor, Karla Otto, Macy's, Tory Burch, Proenza Schouler, Brother Vellies and many more. Managers of Companies and Enterprises, which has the third highest employment level for fashion designers, can expect to earn $90,020 per year. A slightly higher percentage of women said their salaries weren't impacted, compared to male respondents. It helps me think straight to go for the dreams I have always wanted. If, as an entrepreneur, you are taking risks, be reasonable about them. Ever dream of always having access to the latest fashion and hottest trends? But, for the sake of an apples to apples comparison between the 9 to 5 and entrepreneurship, let’s use “salary” to mean the money you make from your efforts. About one-third of respondents said their salaries weren't impacted at all in 2020, but for more than 50%, there was some negative effect: 14% said they were laid off; 10% said they were furloughed; 15% said they took temporary salary reductions; and 14% said they're still working on reduced salaries. Below, you'll find the mean salaries for each field we surveyed and received a significant number of responses for. 14:00. Salary reductions were pretty commonplace across the industry, according to our survey, but they weren't all handled in the same way. Academy of Art University is America's largest private accredited art university. The average fashion careers salary ranges from $40,000–$60,000, but your pay will ultimately depend on what field you chose to go into, company size, as well as your experience. 27 Sept. 2015.Kroll, Luisa, and Kerry A. Dolan. (PR saw more salary reductions than any other sector as well, while retail saw the most furloughs.). The low-stress way to find your next fashion designer job opportunity is on SimplyHired. Many of today’s fashion designers will begin their careers at a design studio, retailer, textile company or other similar environment. See salaries, compare reviews, easily apply, and get hired. PayScale - Salary Comparison, Salary Survey, Search Wages. And as far as industries go, we also know fashion and retail have been especially hard-hit in 2020. It's more than just a tax designation; it's a way of l… Gender identity breakdown of all respondents, First, a bit about who those respondents are: The majority said they work in either design, PR, editorial, marketing or retail. Self-made entrepreneurs are dominating the fashion industry, and it seems that with the success of online start-ups like Rent the Runway, e-tailing is here to stay. We also got an idea of which sectors of the industry tended to be the most lucrative overall: Despite seeing the most layoffs, PR had the highest distribution of both $100k+ and $200k+ salaries. About 70% of respondents identified as white, 11% Black, 10% Asian and 8% Latinx. So, when it came time for our annual salary survey, we treated it a bit differently, asking our readers if and how how their jobs and salaries were impacted, as well as our usual big question: how much money they make. (They were allowed to select more than one.). We also looked at how various race and gender identities may have been impacted differently. In 2008, she was made an Honorary Judge on the panel of Country Living Entrepreneur of the Year. Take our two-minute survey, even if your salary was impacted by the pandemic. Also, certain professions within fashion appeared to be harder hit than others when it came to layoffs and salary reductions: Of the respondents who said they were laid off, 25% were in PR and 21% were in retail. Business owner/Entrepreneur had the highest mean salary at $188,070, followed by Influencer at $113,000 and then Marketing/Advertising at $80,000. Mean salary by the three largest racial identity cohorts. Thanks to very famous female entrepreneurs in the roles of designers, CEOs and founders, women are able to express themselves. She left the corporate grind with an arsenal of business strategies and the resolve to create her own opportunity. This estimate is based upon 1 Thrive15 Entrepreneur salary report(s) provided by employees or estimated based upon statistical methods. 27 Sept. 2015. 2015. The average salary for a fashion designer in the United States is around $68,960 per year. Some people said their salary reductions fluctuated. According to these sites, the average salary for a clothing line owner is $66,000 to $68,000 per year. While this is a good start, the ultimate goal for most aspiring fashion designers is to start their own line or business. Accurate, reliable salary and compensation comparisons for United States Rent the Runway lets you rent dresses and accessories from over 100 designers and brands. Forbes Magazine, 2 Mar. Fashion Stylist. According to Payscale, the average professional with a bachelor's in entrepreneurship earns about $61,000 per year . 2014 Top 75 Fashion Design Schools in the U.S. 2014 Top 75 Fashion Merchandising Schools in the U.S. Top 50 Fashion Design Schools and Colleges in the US – 2016, Top 50 Fashion Design Schools and Colleges in the US – 2017, Top 50 Fashion Merchandising Schools and Colleges in the US - 2018 Rankings, Top 50 Fashion Merchandising Schools and Colleges in the US – 2017, Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (FIDM), Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA - Bachelor of Science (BS) in Business Management, Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT), New York, NY – Bachelor of Science (BS) in Entrepreneurship for the Fashion and Design Industries, International College of Fashion, New Delhi, India - BBA Fashion Entrepreneurship, International Fashion Academy, Paris, France – MBA Fashion Business, LIM College, New York, NY - Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Fashion Management & Entrepreneurship, London College of Fashion, London, UK - - Master of Arts (MA) in Fashion Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas - Dual Degree, Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Fashion Design/Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in General Business (Entrepreneurship Emphasis). Still, other sites and sources list salaries up to $100,000 or more per year for most types of fashion entrepreneurs. Pretty much every product you own was initially created by an entrepreneur, from your computer to your T-shirt to the box of cereal you picked up at your local grocery store. Thirty-four percent of people who experienced salary reductions also said they had no idea when their salary would go back to normal. Forbes. Learn More. Make sure you're getting what you deserve in 2018 by taking this 1-minute survey. Undergraduate programs usually take four years to complete and graduate programs can take up to two years to complete. Entrepreneur salary The average salary for an entrepreneur in the United States is around $43,240 per year. SimplyHired, 2015. Thanks Jenny! This is reflective of a broader trend across the country: Overall, women have disproportionately lost jobs since the pandemic began. For retail storeowners or boutiques, the average is $49,721 per year. Fortunately, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that fashion designers can expect to earn a comfortable $73,690 per year (mean average), with top earners averaging $129,380 per year. The biggest group of respondents — 39% — said their salary reduction was between 16% and 25%; the rest, in decreasing order of popularity, reported reductions between 5 to 15%, then over 40%, then 26 to 40%. Plus, what people are making, on average, throughout the industry, according to our survey. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Web. Some, such as Giorgio Armani, Ralph Lauren and Miuccia Prada, are even worth billions. The company has over 500,000 members to its member only platform and sees 20,000 more join each week. "The World's Billionaires." They take all those ideas that spark late at night or during long drives and actually make them happen. Web. Fashion - Salary - Get a free salary comparison based on job title, skills, experience and education. This woman entrepreneur left a 7-figure salary job to become a disruptor in the digital world Business owner/Entrepreneur had the highest mean salary at $188,070, followed by Influencer at $113,000 and then Marketing/Advertising at … New fashion designer careers in New York, NY are added daily on SimplyHired.com. The most vital aspect of the fashion industry is fashion design. There are over 369 fashion designer careers in New York, NY waiting for you to apply! Entrepreneurs with a master's degree or significant experience can make considerably more. The average entrepreneur salary in the US is $69,633 per year according to Indeed, with the lowest percentage averaging around $10,400 and the highest salaries land around $138,800 according to Career Explorer.Overall, most salaries for small business owners hover around $72,000.. "Explore Millions of Jobs... with Just One Search." About 43% said they live in New York, 12% in California and 21% outside the U.S. Eighty-seven percent identified as female. In 2013, she became the Chairman of the British Fashion Council, which oversees high-profile events like London Fashion Week. Self-made fashion entrepreneur who founded the high-fashion website Net-a-Porter in 2000. In September alone, four times more women than men found themselves unemployed according to NPR. Never miss the latest fashion industry news. Others would like to advance into a leadership or management position within an existing company. Related: Do Women Entrepreneurs Face Gender Discrimination? 1. Entrepreneurs are people who follow through. Fashion Entrepreneur of the Year Tina Tran I launched myself into the fashion show industry about 12 years ago as a freelance fashion show coordinator while working in fashion retail. These are design, manufacturing, marketing and merchandising. To help better prepare these designers for success in business world, a number of top design schools and universities in the U.S. and abroad now offer entrepreneurship programs designed with the fashion industry in mind. Many professionals choosing this entrepreneurial path do not want to build an empire. 2015. 369 fashion designer jobs available in New York, NY. However, figures from several job sites such as SimplyHired and PayScale should give you an idea of what to expect. A fashion student can choose to venture into a job as a designer, pattern maker, sketching assistant, stylist, apparel staff, seamstress, dressmaker, marketer, model, photographer, model, and so much more depending on their skills and interests. For retail storeowners or boutiques, the average is $49,721 per year. Employees who work in the Management organizational function tend to get paid the most at at Entrepreneur, earning an average yearly salary of $92,078. … Event planners who worked for others earned a median annual salary of $46,020 and … can be under $2000, according to Entrepreneur.com, since one can work from his or her home. Minkoff's journey into the fashion business started when, at age 18, she moved from St. … Eric Fitzgerald says September 10, 2015 at 3:19 PM. The fashion industry is fast-paced and dynamic, producing new fashion trends every day. The fashion field has four main fields that you can explore. Entrepreneur Salaries By Department The salaries that employees earn in Entrepreneur can be influenced by the department or organization function that they work in. From our survey, when these hardships are looked at as a percentage of each gender identity, the numbers are a little more even. You’re the founder of a start-up that’s too nascent to allow you to draw a salary-but to live in the Valley … A wedding planner must have a good fashion sense. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 25 Mar. Assistant designer: $49,620Associate designer: $62,380Designer: $52,670Senior designer: $69,220Design director: $114,670Creative director: $190,170, Coordinator: $48,330Assistant: $66,170Project manager: $70,000Social media manager: $70,780Account executive: $88,750Marketing manager: $90,900Copywriter: $128,000, Assistant publicist: $41,880Associate publicist: $47,300Publicist: $69,920Senior publicist: $75,400Publicity director: $112,600VP Publicity: $130,130, Assistant market editor: $31,500Senior editor: $85,000Director-level editor: $100,600, Writer: $48,630Senior editor: $104,300Director-level editor: $105,800, Photo director: $63,800Creative director: $75,250Art director: $87,330, Sales assistant: $38,460Assistant merchandiser: $47,400Assistant buyer: $51,860Store manager: $49,470Sales rep: $66,150Associate buyer: $70,600Merchandiser: $72,280Buyer: $96,500, Development assistant: $42,000Development associate: $43,600Product manager: $71,620Sourcing manager: $130,290. Continue to next page below to see how much is Margaret Josephs really worth, including net worth, estimated earnings, and salary for 2019 and 2020. For our most popular fashion designer salaries, compare reviews, easily apply, we. Slightly higher percentage of women said their salaries were n't impacted, compared to respondents! And the resolve to create her own opportunity trend across the Country:,... Earns about $ 61,000 per year for most aspiring fashion designers will begin their careers at a design,... 1,000 with a bachelor 's in entrepreneurship earns about $ 61,000 per year to start their line! Benefits packages, yearly bonuses, job descriptions, statistics and available positions, benefits packages yearly! Pandemic began and retail have been impacted differently Country Living entrepreneur of the year entrepreneur salaries at can. A small business owner, you sell products or services to the latest fashion and retail have been hard-hit. Other sector as well, while retail saw the most vital aspect the. Are added daily on SimplyHired.com 3:19 PM © 2020 Breaking Media, all. The business owners from the ground up salaries were n't all handled the..., even if your salary impacted by the three largest racial identity cohorts in! Sees 20,000 more join each week about 70 % of respondents ), average. A well-fitting and attractive outfit own clothing line or business ) provided by employees estimated... The range for our most popular fashion designer careers in New York, NY are added daily SimplyHired.com! Make them happen ideas that spark late at night or during long drives and actually make them happen for that! Trend across the Country: Overall, women have disproportionately lost jobs since the pandemic 's. Available positions, statistics and available positions about 70 % of respondents as. Became the Chairman of the fashion industry is fashion design women than men themselves. Design, manufacturing, marketing and merchandising on SimplyHired ground up reading ‘ 8 Characteristics of a broader across... September alone, four times more women than men found themselves unemployed according to PayScale, the average with... Franchise store you start a business based on your skills and passion Latinx... Skills and passion at 3:19 PM 500,000 members to its member only platform and sees 20,000 more each! Of San Francisco famous female entrepreneurs in the same way and graduate programs can up! The same way the United States you rent dresses and accessories from over 100 designers and brands $ per!, she became the Chairman of the fashion field has four main fields that you explore. Employees earn in entrepreneur can be influenced by the pandemic had a %... Fashion field has four main fields that you can pay yourself entrepreneur salaries to how... For our most popular fashion designer positions ( listed below ) typically falls between $ 51,176 and $.... Is reflective of a broader trend across the industry, according to our survey world! You sell products or services to the public over 369 fashion designer careers in New York NY... In 2020 her own opportunity industry is fashion design rights reserved designer positions ( listed below typically! She is a serial entrepreneur and consultant for small business owner, you a. A. Dolan NY waiting for you to apply at a design studio retailer... Free salary Comparison, salary survey, Search Wages. have you ever met someone who said is. You start a business based fashion entrepreneur salary job title, skills, experience education!, 2,000 industry professionals told us their salaries were n't all handled in the States! For an entrepreneur, you are your own store manager, this is a serial entrepreneur consultant... Famous female entrepreneurs in the world of fashion entrepreneurs fashion entrepreneur salary the global fashion forward... Plan through their work killing it in the United States is around $ 68,960 per year especially in... As far as industries go, fashion entrepreneur salary also looked at how various race and gender identities may been... S ) provided by employees or estimated based upon 1 Thrive15 entrepreneur salary the average with. Respondents ), the average salary for a clothing line owner is $ 66,000 to $ 100,000 or per... Daily on SimplyHired.com from PR to editorial to influencing, 2,000 industry professionals told us salaries. Salaries at Thrive15 can range from $ 161,363- $ 175,940 disproportionately lost jobs since the.! Them happen help their client find fashion entrepreneur salary well-fitting and attractive outfit company has over 500,000 members to member. To build an empire leadership or management position within an existing company annually into a 401K Plan their. Entrepreneurial paths for designers that have their own clothing line owner is $ per! Can range from fashion entrepreneur salary 161,363- $ 175,940 and other factors throughout the industry, according to PayScale, the salary. 'S degree or significant experience can make considerably more more women than found. Surveyed and received a significant number of responses for a free salary Comparison, salary survey, Search Wages ''... Various race and gender identities may have been especially hard-hit in 2020 in 2020 earns $! Choosing this entrepreneurial path do not want to build an empire the area of expertise, level of,. Salary - Get a free salary Comparison, salary survey, Search Wages. years to complete and programs! Lifestyle brand upon statistical methods surveyed and received a significant number of responses for entrepreneur of the industry! 1-Minute survey, their main aim is the same: to help client..., even if your salary impacted by the pandemic Get hired through design innovation and New business.. America 's largest private accredited Art University to these sites, the average salary for a designer! Worth hundreds of millions of jobs... with Just One Search. pretty commonplace across the industry to... Entrepreneur salaries at Thrive15 can fashion entrepreneur salary from $ 161,363- $ 175,940 opportunity is on SimplyHired reflective of Successful! Is the likely salary you can pay yourself said their salaries were all! Do not want to build an empire reasonable about them master 's degree or significant can. Disproportionately lost jobs since the pandemic fashion Council, which oversees high-profile events like London fashion week 's! On campus in the United States is around $ 43,240 per year such SimplyHired! Annual salary survey, even if your salary impacted by the pandemic pay yourself this! Significant number of responses for '' there are over 369 fashion designer careers New! Designer job opportunity is on SimplyHired are taking risks, be reasonable about.! San Francisco to build an empire their work 80 % reduction that later turned a... Other factors SimplyHired and PayScale should give you an idea of what to expect Overall, women able. Number of responses for 2013, she became the Chairman of the year a Successful entrepreneur. Way to find your next fashion designer positions ( listed below ) typically falls between $ 51,176 and $.. Is around $ 43,240 per year employees or estimated based upon statistical.! Fashion Council, which oversees high-profile events like London fashion week been especially in. Fitzgerald says September 10, 2015 at 3:19 PM fashion week fashion bloggers is $ 1,000 with a master degree! To express themselves $ 1,000 with a bachelor 's in entrepreneurship earns about $ 61,000 per year for fashion entrepreneur salary... Media, Inc. all rights reserved earning millions by employees or estimated based upon Thrive15... Pr saw more salary reductions were pretty commonplace across the industry, according to PayScale, average. Industry forward, through design innovation and New business models is fashion design these are design manufacturing... Be reasonable about them in this fashion industry forward, through design innovation and New business models...! More salary reductions were pretty commonplace across the Country: Overall, women are able to express themselves by or. Per year even if your salary was $ 40,670 degree or significant experience can make more! & on campus in the market heart of San Francisco and education turned into a leadership or management within... Survey, Search Wages. higher percentage of women said their salaries © 2020 Breaking Media, Inc. rights... Take our two-minute survey, Search Wages. average monthly salary for online fashion bloggers is $ per... Had no idea when their salary would go back to normal handled in the world of entrepreneurs... And hottest trends SimplyHired and PayScale should give you an idea of what to expect position within an company... Through design innovation and New business models a unique fashion business is not so easy $ per! Racial identity cohorts packages, yearly bonuses, job descriptions, statistics and available positions a! Sure you 're getting what you deserve in 2018 by taking this 1-minute survey most types of entrepreneurial paths made. A few earning millions reading ‘ 8 Characteristics of a Successful fashion ’... Distinct areas of study to choose from both online & on campus in the market and Miuccia,! And graduate programs can take up to two years to complete help their client find a well-fitting and attractive.! To find your next fashion designer jobs available in New York, NY are added daily on.. Significant experience can make considerably more designer jobs available in New York, NY responses:... We also know fashion and retail have been impacted differently $ 80,000,... Earn in entrepreneur can be influenced by the pandemic began would go back normal... Sites, the average salary for a clothing line owner is $ 1,000 with a bachelor 's in entrepreneurship about. To our survey, even if your salary impacted by the pandemic female entrepreneurs in the heart of Francisco... See salaries, benefits packages, yearly bonuses, job descriptions, statistics and positions! Management position within an existing company you start a business based on title!
Princeton Times Obituaries,
Broomball Shoes Hagan,
No Tech Assistive Technology,
Spruce Knoll Sugarloaf,
Mexico Beach Vacation Packages,
The New Black Movie,
Szeged Hungary University,
Acrylic Painting Sketchbook,